ICE: Structural Defects and Constitutional Consequences

ICE: Legal Standards, Mission Creep, and the Erosion of Accountability

ICE shouldn’t exist as currently structured. The agency was created in 2003 by merging two distinct functions with different legal standards and oversight mechanisms: immigration law enforcement (formerly Justice Department) and customs enforcement (formerly Treasury Department). That merger created the structural problems that enable today’s violence and extraction without accountability.

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